Primary Navigation
Want to create or adapt books like this? Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices.
Book Contents Navigation
Preface
Acknowledgments
Introduction
1.1 | The Science of Biology
1.2 | Themes and Concepts of Biology
KEY TERMS
CHAPTER SUMMARY
VISUAL CONNECTION QUESTIONS
CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS
2.1 | Atoms, Isotopes, Ions, and Molecules: The Building Blocks
2.2 | Water
2.3 | Carbon
2.4 | Synthesis of Biological Macromolecules
2.5 | Carbohydrates
2.6 | Lipids
2.7 | Proteins
2.8 | Nucleic Acids
3.1 | Studying Cells
3.2 | Eukaryotic Cells
3.3 | The Endomembrane System and Proteins
3.4 | The Cytoskeleton
3.5 | Connections between Cells and Cellular Activities
3.6 | Components and Structure
3.7 | Passive Transport
3.8 | Active Transport
3.9 | Bulk Transport
4.1 | Energy and Metabolism
4.2 | Potential, Kinetic, Free, and Activation Energy
4.3 | The Laws of Thermodynamics
4.4 | ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate
4.5 | Energy in Living Systems
4.6 | Glycolysis
4.7 | Oxidation of Pyruvate and the Citric Acid Cycle
4.8 | Oxidative Phosphorylation
4.9 | Metabolism without Oxygen
4.10 | Connections of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolic Pathways
5.1 | Animal Form and Function
5.2 | Animal Primary Tissues
5.3 | Homeostasis
5.4 Layers of the Skin
5.5 Accessory Structures of the Skin
5.6 Functions of the Integumentary System
5.7 Diseases, Disorders, Injuries and Aging of the Integumentary System
6.1 | Types of Skeletal Systems
6.2 | Bone
6.3 | Joints and Skeletal Movement
6.4 | Muscle Contraction and Locomotion
6.5 | Exercise and Muscle Performance
7.1 | Overview of the Circulatory System
7.2 | Components of the Blood
7.3 |Heart and Blood Vessels
7.4 | Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation
8.1 | Systems of Gas Exchange
8.2 | Gas Exchange across Respiratory Surfaces
8.3 | Breathing
8.4 | Transport of Gases in Human Bodily Fluids
9.1 | Innate Immune Response
9.2 | Adaptive Immune Response
9.3 | Antibodies
9.4 | Disruptions in the Immune System
10.1 | Digestive Systems
10.2 | Nutrition and Energy Production
10.3 | Digestive System Processes
10.4 | Digestive System Regulation
11.1 | Osmoregulation and Osmotic Balance
11.2 | The Kidneys and Osmoregulatory Organs
11.3 | Excretion Systems
11.4 | Nitrogenous Wastes
11.5 | Hormonal Control of Osmoregulatory Functions
12.1 | Neurons and Glial Cells
12.2 | How Neurons Communicate
12.3 | The Central Nervous System
12.4 | The Peripheral Nervous System
12.5 | Aging and Nervous System Disorders
13.1 | Sensory Processes
13.2 | Somatosensation
13.3 | Taste and Smell
13.4 | Hearing and Vestibular Sensation
13.5 | Vision
14.1 | Types of Hormones
14.2 | How Hormones Work
14.3 | Regulation of Body Processes
14.4 | Regulation of Hormone Production
14.5 | Endocrine Glands
15.1 | Human Reproductive Anatomy and Gametogenesis
15.2 | Hormonal Control of Human Reproduction
15.3 | Fertilization and Zygote Formation
15.4 | Early Embryonic Development
15.5 | Fetal Development
15.6 | Human Pregnancy and Birth
15.7 | Postnatal Stage and Aging
16.1 | Historical Basis of Modern Understanding
16.2 | DNA Structure and Sequencing
16.3 | Basics of DNA Replication
16.4 | DNA Replication in Prokaryotes
16.5 | DNA Replication in Eukaryotes
16.6 | DNA Repair
16.7 | The Genetic Code
16.8 | Eukaryotic Transcription
16.9 | RNA Processing in Eukaryotes
16.10 | Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis
17.1 | Cell Division
17.2 | The Cell Cycle
17.3 | Control of the Cell Cycle
17.4 | The Process of Meiosis
17.5 | Sexual Reproduction
18.1 | Mendel’s Experiments and the Laws of Probability
18.2| Characteristics and Traits
18.3 | Laws of Inheritance
18.4 | Chromosomal Theory and Genetic Linkage
18.5 | Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
19.1 | Understanding Evolution
19.2 | Formation of New Species
19.3 | Reconnection and Rates of Speciation
19.4 | Population Evolution
19.5 | Population Genetics
19.6 | Adaptive Evolution
20.1 | The Scope of Ecology
20.2 | Biogeography
20.3 | Environmental Limits to Population Growth
20.4 | Human Population Growth
20.5 | Community Ecology
20.6 | Ecology of Ecosystems
20.7 | Energy Flow through Ecosystems
20.8 | Biogeochemical Cycles
Appendix
This is where you can add appendices or other back matter.
Previous/next navigation
Human Biology Copyright © by Janet Wang-Lee is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.