Sections 5.1-5.3

acclimatization alteration in a body system in response to environmental change

alteration change of the set point in a homeostatic system

apodeme ingrowth of an animal’s exoskeleton that functions as an attachment site for muscles

asymmetrical describes animals with no axis of symmetry in their body pattern

basal metabolic rate (BMR) metabolic rate at rest in endothermic animals

canaliculus microchannel that connects the lacunae and aids diffusion between cells

cartilage type of connective tissue with a large amount of ground substance matrix, cells called chondrocytes, and some amount of fibers

chondrocyte cell found in cartilage

columnar epithelia epithelia made of cells taller than they are wide, specialized in absorption

connective tissue type of tissue made of cells, ground substance matrix, and fibers

cuboidal epithelia epithelia made of cube-shaped cells, specialized in glandular functions

dorsal cavity body cavity on the posterior or back portion of an animal; includes the cranial and vertebral cavities

ectotherm animal incapable of maintaining a relatively constant internal body temperature

endotherm animal capable of maintaining a relatively constant internal body temperature

epithelial tissue tissue that either lines or covers organs or other tissues

estivation torpor in response to extremely high temperatures and low water availability

fibrous connective tissue type of connective tissue with a high concentration of fibers

frontal (coronal) plane plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into front and back portions

fusiform animal body shape that is tubular and tapered at both ends

hibernation torpor over a long period of time, such as a winter

homeostasis dynamic equilibrium maintaining appropriate body functions

lacuna space in cartilage and bone that contains living cells

loose (areolar) connective tissue type of connective tissue with small amounts of cells, matrix, and fibers; found around blood vessels

matrix component of connective tissue made of both living and non-living (ground substances) cells

midsagittal plane plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into even right and left sides

negative feedback loop feedback to a control mechanism that increases or decreases a stimulus instead of maintaining it

osteon subunit of compact bone

positive feedback loop feedback to a control mechanism that continues the direction of a stimulus

pseudostratified layer of epithelia that appears multilayered, but is a simple covering

sagittal plane plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into right and left sides

set point midpoint or target point in homeostasis

simple epithelia single layer of epithelial cells

squamous epithelia type of epithelia made of flat cells, specialized in aiding diffusion or preventing abrasion

standard metabolic rate (SMR) metabolic rate at rest in ectothermic animals

stratified epithelia multiple layers of epithelial cells

thermoregulation regulation of body temperature

torpor decrease in activity and metabolism that allows an animal to survive adverse conditions

trabecula tiny plate that makes up spongy bone and gives it strength

transitional epithelia epithelia that can transition for appearing multilayered to simple; also called uroepithelial

transverse (horizontal) plane plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into upper and lower portions

ventral cavity body cavity on the anterior or front portion of an animal that includes the thoracic cavities and the abdominopelvic cavities