
{"id":552,"date":"2017-10-28T22:24:32","date_gmt":"2017-10-28T22:24:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=552"},"modified":"2018-02-26T19:30:49","modified_gmt":"2018-02-26T19:30:49","slug":"division-dots-and-boxes","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/chapter\/division-dots-and-boxes\/","title":{"raw":"Division: Dots and Boxes","rendered":"Division: Dots and Boxes"},"content":{"raw":"[latexpage]\r\n<h1 class=\"p1\">Quotative Model of Division<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Suppose you are asked to compute 3906 \u00f7 3. One way to interpret this question (there are others) is:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u201cHow many groups of 3 fit into 3906?\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Definition<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">In the <strong>quotative model of division<\/strong>, you are given a <strong>dividend<\/strong> (here it is 3906), and you are asked to split it into equal-sized groups, where the size of the group is given by the <strong>divisor<\/strong> (here it is 3).<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">In our dots and boxes model, the dividend 3906 looks like this:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide1-300x74.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-723\" width=\"300\" height=\"74\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">and three dots looks like this: <img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-724\" width=\"69\" height=\"32\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">So we are really asking:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center\">\u201cHow many groups of <img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-724\" width=\"69\" height=\"32\" \/> fit into the picture of 3906?\u201d<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Example:\u00a03906 \u00f7 3<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">There is one group of 3 at the thousands level, and three at the hundreds level, none at the tens level, and two at the ones level.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide3-300x153.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-725\" width=\"300\" height=\"153\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Notice what we have in the picture:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 One group of 3 in the thousands box.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 Three groups of 3 in the hundreds box.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 Zero groups of 3 in the tens box.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 Two groups of 3 in the ones box.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">This shows that 3 goes into 3906 one thousand, three hundreds and two ones times. That is,<\/p>\r\n\\[\u00a03906 \\div 3 = 1302. \\]\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Let\u2019s try a harder one! Consider 402 \u00f7 3. Here\u2019s the picture:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide4-300x67.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-726\" width=\"300\" height=\"67\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">We are still looking for groups of three dots: <img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-724\" width=\"69\" height=\"32\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">There is certainly one group at the 100's level.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide5-300x93.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-727\" width=\"300\" height=\"93\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">and now it seems we are stuck\u00a0 there are no more groups of three!<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Think \/ Pair \/ Share<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">What can we do now? Are we really stuck? Can you finish the division problem?<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Example:\u00a0402 \u00f7 3<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Here are the details worked out for 402 \u00f7 3. But don\u2019t read this until you\u2019ve thought about it yourself!<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Since each dot is worth ten dots in the box to the right we can write:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide6-300x85.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-728\" width=\"300\" height=\"85\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Now we can find more groups of three:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide7-300x83.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-729\" width=\"300\" height=\"83\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">There is still a troublesome extra dot. Let\u2019s unexplode it too<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide8-300x94.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-730\" width=\"300\" height=\"94\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">This gives us more groups of three:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-300x84.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-731\" width=\"300\" height=\"84\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">In the picture we have:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 One group of 3 in the hundreds box.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 Three groups of 3 in the tens box.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 Four groups of 3 in the ones box.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Finally we have the answer!<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p2\">\\[ 402 \\div 3 = 134.\\]<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Think \/ Pair \/ Share<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Solve each of these exercises using the dots and boxes method:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center\">62124 \u00f7 3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 61230 \u00f7 5<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Example:\u00a0156 \u00f7 12<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Let\u2019s turn up the difficulty a notch. Consider 156 \u00f7 12. Here we are looking for groups of 12 in this picture:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide10-300x75.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-732\" width=\"300\" height=\"75\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">What does 12 look like? It can be twelve dots in a single box:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-733\" width=\"136\" height=\"85\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">But most often we would write 12 this way, as a ten and 2 ones:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-734\" width=\"219\" height=\"93\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">We certainly see some of these in the picture.\u00a0 There is certainly one at the tens level:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide13-300x100.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-735\" width=\"300\" height=\"100\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Note:<\/b> With an unexplosion this would be twelve dots in the tens box, so we mark one group of 12 above the tens box.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">We also see three groups of twelve ones:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide14-300x104.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-736\" width=\"300\" height=\"104\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">So in the picture we have:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 One group of 12 dots in the tens box.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 Three groups of 12 dots in the ones box.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">That means<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: center\">156 \u00f7 12 = 13.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Problem 6<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Use the dots and boxes model to compute each of the following:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center\">13453 \u00f7 11<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center\">4853 \u00f7 23<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center\">214506 \u00f7 102<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Problem 7<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Remember that base five numbers are in a 1 \u2190 5 dots-and-boxes system. What are the place values in the 1\u00a0\u2190 5 system? Fill in the\u00a0blanks:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/base5blanks-300x85.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-702 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"85\" \/><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li class=\"p1\">Draw a dots-and-boxes picture of the number $424_\\text{five}$.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p1\">Draw a dots-and-boxes picture of the number $11_\\text{five}$.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use the dots and boxes method to find $424_\\text{five} \\div 11_\\text{five}$.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Rewrite the division sentence $424_\\text{five} \\div 11_\\text{five} = 34_\\text{five}$ in base ten, and check that it\u2019s correct.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Use dots-and-boxes to find $2021_\\text{five} \\div 12_\\text{five}$.\u00a0<i>Don\u2019t convert to base 10!<\/i><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Think \/ Pair \/ Share<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\">Use dots and boxes to compute these.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center\">2130 \u00f7 10<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center\">41300 \u00f7 100<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\">What pictures did you use for 10 and for 100?\u00a0 Can you describe in words what happens when dividing by 10 and by 100 and why?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1 class=\"p1\">The Standard Algorithm for Division<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">We used dots and boxes to show that 402 \u00f7 3 = 134.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-300x84.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-731\" width=\"300\" height=\"84\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">In elementary school, you might have learned to solve this division problem by using a diagram like the following:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-737\" width=\"129\" height=\"263\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">At first glance this seems very mysterious, but it is really no different from the dots and boxes method. Here is what the table means.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">To compute 402 \u00f7 3, we first make a big estimation as to how many groups of 3 there are in 402. Let\u2019s guess that there are 100 groups of three.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide16-300x102.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-738\" width=\"300\" height=\"102\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">How much is left over after taking away 100 groups of 3?\u00a0 We subtract to find that there is 102 left.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide17-300x135.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-739\" width=\"300\" height=\"135\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">How many groups of 3 are in 102? Let\u2019s try 30:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide18-300x155.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-740\" width=\"300\" height=\"155\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">How many are left? There are 12 left and there are four groups of 3 in 12.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide19-300x250.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-741\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">That accounts for entire number 402. And where do we find the final answer? Just add the total count of groups of three that we tallied:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center\">402 \u00f7 3 = 100 + 30 + 4 = 134.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Think \/ Pair \/ Share<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"p1\">Compare the two division diagrams below. In what way are they the same? In what way are they different?<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"p1\">Also look at the dots and boxes method. In what way is it the same or different from the two diagrams?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"size-full wp-image-737 aligncenter\" width=\"129\" height=\"263\" \/><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide19-300x250.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-741 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" \/><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-300x84.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-731 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"84\" \/><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\"><b>Why do we like the standard algorithm? <\/b>Because it is quick, not too much to write down, and it works every time.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\"><b>Why\u00a0 do\u00a0 we\u00a0 like\u00a0 the\u00a0 dots\u00a0 and\u00a0 boxes\u00a0 method? <\/b>\u00a0 Because it easy to understand. (And drawing dots and boxes is kind of fun!)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h1>Division with Remainders<\/h1>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">We saw that 402 is evenly divisible by 3:\u00a0 402 \u00f7 3 = 134.\u00a0 This means that 403, one more, shouldn\u2019t be divisible by three. It should be one dot too big.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Example:\u00a0403 \u00f7 3<\/h3>\r\nDo we see the extra dot if we compute 402 \u00f7 3 with dots and boxes?\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide20-300x280.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-742 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"280\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Yes we do! We have one dot left at the end that can\u2019t be divided.\u00a0 This is how it looks in the standard algorithm.<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-745\" width=\"139\" height=\"265\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">In school, we say that we have a <i>remainder<\/i> of one and sometimes write:<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\\[403 \\div 3 = 134\\\u00a0 \\textup{R}1.\\]<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">But what does that really mean?\u00a0 It means that we have 134 groups of three with one dot left over. So<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">\\[ 402 = 134\\cdot 3 + 1.\\]<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Example: 263 \u00f7 12<\/h3>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Let\u2019s try another one: 263 \u00f7 12. Here\u2019s what we have:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide21-300x68.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-743\" width=\"300\" height=\"68\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">And we are looking for groups like this:<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-734\" width=\"219\" height=\"93\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Here goes!<\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide22-300x125.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-744\" width=\"300\" height=\"125\" \/><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\">Unexploding won\u2019t help any further and we are indeed left with one remaining dot in the tens position and a dot in the ones position. We have 21 groups of twelve, and a remainder of eleven.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: left\">\\[263 = 21\\cdot 12 + 11.\\]<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\r\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Think \/ Pair \/ Share<\/h3>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\">Use the dots and boxes method to compute each quotient and remainder:<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: center\">5210 \u00f7 4<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: center\">4857 \u00f7 23<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: center\">31533 \u00f7 101<\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\">Now use the standard algorithm (an example is shown below) to compute each of the quotients and remainders above.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-745\" width=\"139\" height=\"265\" \/><\/p>\r\n\\[402 = 134\\cdot 3 + 1.\\]\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\">Which method do you like better: dots and boxes or the standard algorithm method? Or does it depend on the problem you are doing?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<h1 class=\"p1\">Quotative Model of Division<\/h1>\n<p class=\"p1\">Suppose you are asked to compute 3906 \u00f7 3. One way to interpret this question (there are others) is:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u201cHow many groups of 3 fit into 3906?\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Definition<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">In the <strong>quotative model of division<\/strong>, you are given a <strong>dividend<\/strong> (here it is 3906), and you are asked to split it into equal-sized groups, where the size of the group is given by the <strong>divisor<\/strong> (here it is 3).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\">In our dots and boxes model, the dividend 3906 looks like this:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide1-300x74.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-723\" width=\"300\" height=\"74\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide1-300x74.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide1-65x16.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide1-225x56.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide1-350x86.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide1.png 498w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">and three dots looks like this: <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-724\" width=\"69\" height=\"32\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide2.png 69w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide2-65x30.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 69px) 100vw, 69px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">So we are really asking:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: center\">\u201cHow many groups of <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-724\" width=\"69\" height=\"32\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide2.png 69w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide2-65x30.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 69px) 100vw, 69px\" \/> fit into the picture of 3906?\u201d<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Example:\u00a03906 \u00f7 3<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">There is one group of 3 at the thousands level, and three at the hundreds level, none at the tens level, and two at the ones level.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide3-300x153.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-725\" width=\"300\" height=\"153\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide3-300x153.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide3-65x33.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide3-225x115.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide3.png 334w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Notice what we have in the picture:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 One group of 3 in the thousands box.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 Three groups of 3 in the hundreds box.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 Zero groups of 3 in the tens box.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 Two groups of 3 in the ones box.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">This shows that 3 goes into 3906 one thousand, three hundreds and two ones times. That is,<\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 13px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-901dd8a27f88c525709621bc9eab4ba2_l3.png\" height=\"13\" width=\"129\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#32;&#51;&#57;&#48;&#54;&#32;&#92;&#100;&#105;&#118;&#32;&#51;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#49;&#51;&#48;&#50;&#46;&#32;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"p1\">Let\u2019s try a harder one! Consider 402 \u00f7 3. Here\u2019s the picture:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide4-300x67.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-726\" width=\"300\" height=\"67\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide4-300x67.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide4-65x14.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide4-225x50.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide4-350x78.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide4.png 494w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">We are still looking for groups of three dots: <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-724\" width=\"69\" height=\"32\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide2.png 69w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide2-65x30.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 69px) 100vw, 69px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">There is certainly one group at the 100&#8217;s level.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide5-300x93.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-727\" width=\"300\" height=\"93\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide5-300x93.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide5-65x20.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide5-225x70.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide5-350x109.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide5.png 532w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">and now it seems we are stuck\u00a0 there are no more groups of three!<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Think \/ Pair \/ Share<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">What can we do now? Are we really stuck? Can you finish the division problem?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Example:\u00a0402 \u00f7 3<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">Here are the details worked out for 402 \u00f7 3. But don\u2019t read this until you\u2019ve thought about it yourself!<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Since each dot is worth ten dots in the box to the right we can write:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide6-300x85.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-728\" width=\"300\" height=\"85\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide6-300x85.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide6-65x18.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide6-225x64.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide6-350x99.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide6.png 520w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Now we can find more groups of three:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide7-300x83.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-729\" width=\"300\" height=\"83\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide7-300x83.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide7-65x18.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide7-225x62.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide7-350x96.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide7.png 508w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">There is still a troublesome extra dot. Let\u2019s unexplode it too<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide8-300x94.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-730\" width=\"300\" height=\"94\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide8-300x94.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide8-65x20.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide8-225x70.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide8-350x109.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide8.png 502w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">This gives us more groups of three:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-300x84.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-731\" width=\"300\" height=\"84\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-300x84.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-65x18.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-225x63.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-350x98.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9.png 502w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">In the picture we have:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 One group of 3 in the hundreds box.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 Three groups of 3 in the tens box.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 Four groups of 3 in the ones box.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Finally we have the answer!<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\">\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 13px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-b91673b99d367f5c329158f1e86d979e_l3.png\" height=\"13\" width=\"111\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#32;&#52;&#48;&#50;&#32;&#92;&#100;&#105;&#118;&#32;&#51;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#49;&#51;&#52;&#46;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Think \/ Pair \/ Share<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">Solve each of these exercises using the dots and boxes method:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center\">62124 \u00f7 3 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 61230 \u00f7 5<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Example:\u00a0156 \u00f7 12<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">Let\u2019s turn up the difficulty a notch. Consider 156 \u00f7 12. Here we are looking for groups of 12 in this picture:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide10-300x75.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-732\" width=\"300\" height=\"75\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide10-300x75.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide10-65x16.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide10-225x56.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide10-350x88.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide10.png 399w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">What does 12 look like? It can be twelve dots in a single box:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide11.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-733\" width=\"136\" height=\"85\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide11.png 136w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide11-65x41.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 136px) 100vw, 136px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">But most often we would write 12 this way, as a ten and 2 ones:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-734\" width=\"219\" height=\"93\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide12.png 219w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide12-65x28.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">We certainly see some of these in the picture.\u00a0 There is certainly one at the tens level:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide13-300x100.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-735\" width=\"300\" height=\"100\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide13-300x100.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide13-65x22.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide13-225x75.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide13-350x117.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide13.png 407w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><b>Note:<\/b> With an unexplosion this would be twelve dots in the tens box, so we mark one group of 12 above the tens box.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">We also see three groups of twelve ones:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide14-300x104.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-736\" width=\"300\" height=\"104\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide14-300x104.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide14-65x23.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide14-225x78.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide14-350x122.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide14.png 405w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">So in the picture we have:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 One group of 12 dots in the tens box.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\u2022\u00a0 Three groups of 12 dots in the ones box.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">That means<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: center\">156 \u00f7 12 = 13.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Problem 6<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">Use the dots and boxes model to compute each of the following:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center\">13453 \u00f7 11<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center\">4853 \u00f7 23<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center\">214506 \u00f7 102<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox exercises\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Problem 7<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">Remember that base five numbers are in a 1 \u2190 5 dots-and-boxes system. What are the place values in the 1\u00a0\u2190 5 system? Fill in the\u00a0blanks:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/base5blanks-300x85.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-702 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"85\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/base5blanks-300x85.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/base5blanks-65x18.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/base5blanks-225x64.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/base5blanks-350x99.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/base5blanks.png 471w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"p1\">Draw a dots-and-boxes picture of the number <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-8b98474aa3d723047dfbb03ad2f254bd_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#52;&#50;&#52;&#95;&#92;&#116;&#101;&#120;&#116;&#123;&#102;&#105;&#118;&#101;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"47\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\" \/>.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\">Draw a dots-and-boxes picture of the number <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-0f6a87da692446a53733b7bc67ac7beb_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#49;&#49;&#95;&#92;&#116;&#101;&#120;&#116;&#123;&#102;&#105;&#118;&#101;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"37\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\" \/>.<\/li>\n<li>Use the dots and boxes method to find <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-9d49f43031cad0e5f5aa2eead5f2d6d3_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#52;&#50;&#52;&#95;&#92;&#116;&#101;&#120;&#116;&#123;&#102;&#105;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#100;&#105;&#118;&#32;&#49;&#49;&#95;&#92;&#116;&#101;&#120;&#116;&#123;&#102;&#105;&#118;&#101;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"108\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\" \/>.<\/li>\n<li>Rewrite the division sentence <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-f91f9c60269325271851c88164f8c514_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#52;&#50;&#52;&#95;&#92;&#116;&#101;&#120;&#116;&#123;&#102;&#105;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#100;&#105;&#118;&#32;&#49;&#49;&#95;&#92;&#116;&#101;&#120;&#116;&#123;&#102;&#105;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#51;&#52;&#95;&#92;&#116;&#101;&#120;&#116;&#123;&#102;&#105;&#118;&#101;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"171\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\" \/> in base ten, and check that it\u2019s correct.<\/li>\n<li>Use dots-and-boxes to find <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-6dbbb6839ba2d0d30c44b5ceea6cab5a_l3.png\" class=\"ql-img-inline-formula quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#50;&#48;&#50;&#49;&#95;&#92;&#116;&#101;&#120;&#116;&#123;&#102;&#105;&#118;&#101;&#125;&#32;&#92;&#100;&#105;&#118;&#32;&#49;&#50;&#95;&#92;&#116;&#101;&#120;&#116;&#123;&#102;&#105;&#118;&#101;&#125;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" height=\"16\" width=\"117\" style=\"vertical-align: -4px;\" \/>.\u00a0<i>Don\u2019t convert to base 10!<\/i><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Think \/ Pair \/ Share<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\">Use dots and boxes to compute these.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center\">2130 \u00f7 10<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center\">41300 \u00f7 100<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\">What pictures did you use for 10 and for 100?\u00a0 Can you describe in words what happens when dividing by 10 and by 100 and why?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h1 class=\"p1\">The Standard Algorithm for Division<\/h1>\n<p class=\"p1\">We used dots and boxes to show that 402 \u00f7 3 = 134.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-300x84.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-731\" width=\"300\" height=\"84\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-300x84.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-65x18.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-225x63.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-350x98.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9.png 502w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">In elementary school, you might have learned to solve this division problem by using a diagram like the following:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-737\" width=\"129\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide15.png 129w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide15-65x133.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 129px) 100vw, 129px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">At first glance this seems very mysterious, but it is really no different from the dots and boxes method. Here is what the table means.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">To compute 402 \u00f7 3, we first make a big estimation as to how many groups of 3 there are in 402. Let\u2019s guess that there are 100 groups of three.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide16-300x102.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-738\" width=\"300\" height=\"102\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide16-300x102.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide16-65x22.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide16-225x76.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide16.png 315w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">How much is left over after taking away 100 groups of 3?\u00a0 We subtract to find that there is 102 left.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide17-300x135.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-739\" width=\"300\" height=\"135\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide17-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide17-65x29.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide17-225x101.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide17.png 323w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">How many groups of 3 are in 102? Let\u2019s try 30:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide18-300x155.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-740\" width=\"300\" height=\"155\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide18-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide18-65x34.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide18-225x117.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide18.png 328w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">How many are left? There are 12 left and there are four groups of 3 in 12.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide19-300x250.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-741\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide19-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide19-65x54.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide19-225x188.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide19.png 319w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">That accounts for entire number 402. And where do we find the final answer? Just add the total count of groups of three that we tallied:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p3\" style=\"text-align: center\">402 \u00f7 3 = 100 + 30 + 4 = 134.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Think \/ Pair \/ Share<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"p1\">Compare the two division diagrams below. In what way are they the same? In what way are they different?<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\">Also look at the dots and boxes method. In what way is it the same or different from the two diagrams?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide15.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"size-full wp-image-737 aligncenter\" width=\"129\" height=\"263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide15.png 129w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide15-65x133.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 129px) 100vw, 129px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide19-300x250.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-741 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide19-300x250.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide19-65x54.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide19-225x188.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide19.png 319w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-300x84.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-731 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"84\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-300x84.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-65x18.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-225x63.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9-350x98.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide9.png 502w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\"><b>Why do we like the standard algorithm? <\/b>Because it is quick, not too much to write down, and it works every time.<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><b>Why\u00a0 do\u00a0 we\u00a0 like\u00a0 the\u00a0 dots\u00a0 and\u00a0 boxes\u00a0 method? <\/b>\u00a0 Because it easy to understand. (And drawing dots and boxes is kind of fun!)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1>Division with Remainders<\/h1>\n<p class=\"p1\">We saw that 402 is evenly divisible by 3:\u00a0 402 \u00f7 3 = 134.\u00a0 This means that 403, one more, shouldn\u2019t be divisible by three. It should be one dot too big.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Example:\u00a0403 \u00f7 3<\/h3>\n<p>Do we see the extra dot if we compute 402 \u00f7 3 with dots and boxes?<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide20-300x280.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-742 aligncenter\" width=\"300\" height=\"280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide20-300x280.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide20-65x61.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide20-225x210.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide20-350x327.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide20.png 632w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Yes we do! We have one dot left at the end that can\u2019t be divided.\u00a0 This is how it looks in the standard algorithm.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-745\" width=\"139\" height=\"265\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide23.png 139w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide23-65x124.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 139px) 100vw, 139px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">In school, we say that we have a <i>remainder<\/i> of one and sometimes write:<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 13px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-7f407b845a8e3cb86f2a798aa230975d_l3.png\" height=\"13\" width=\"139\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#52;&#48;&#51;&#32;&#92;&#100;&#105;&#118;&#32;&#51;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#49;&#51;&#52;&#92;&#32;&#32;&#92;&#116;&#101;&#120;&#116;&#117;&#112;&#123;&#82;&#125;&#49;&#46;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">But what does that really mean?\u00a0 It means that we have 134 groups of three with one dot left over. So<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 14px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-cf9dee4244b7b66f5dcf9297d5da856b_l3.png\" height=\"14\" width=\"133\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#32;&#52;&#48;&#50;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#49;&#51;&#52;&#92;&#99;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#32;&#51;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#49;&#46;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox key-takeaways\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Example: 263 \u00f7 12<\/h3>\n<p class=\"p1\">Let\u2019s try another one: 263 \u00f7 12. Here\u2019s what we have:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide21-300x68.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-743\" width=\"300\" height=\"68\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide21-300x68.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide21-65x15.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide21-225x51.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide21-350x80.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide21.png 479w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">And we are looking for groups like this:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide12.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-734\" width=\"219\" height=\"93\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide12.png 219w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide12-65x28.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 219px) 100vw, 219px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Here goes!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide22-300x125.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-744\" width=\"300\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide22-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide22-65x27.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide22-225x94.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide22-350x145.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide22.png 522w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\">Unexploding won\u2019t help any further and we are indeed left with one remaining dot in the tens position and a dot in the ones position. We have 21 groups of twelve, and a remainder of eleven.<\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\" style=\"text-align: left\">\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 14px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-c66f86d2222f22dcb1b1df4a4d241327_l3.png\" height=\"14\" width=\"143\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#50;&#54;&#51;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#50;&#49;&#92;&#99;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#32;&#49;&#50;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#49;&#49;&#46;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" \/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox examples\">\n<h3 itemprop=\"educationalUse\">Think \/ Pair \/ Share<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\">Use the dots and boxes method to compute each quotient and remainder:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: center\">5210 \u00f7 4<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: center\">4857 \u00f7 23<\/p>\n<p class=\"p2\" style=\"text-align: center\">31533 \u00f7 101<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\">Now use the standard algorithm (an example is shown below) to compute each of the quotients and remainders above.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide23.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-745\" width=\"139\" height=\"265\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide23.png 139w, https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/17\/2017\/10\/divide23-65x124.png 65w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 139px) 100vw, 139px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"ql-center-displayed-equation\" style=\"line-height: 14px;\"><span class=\"ql-right-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><span class=\"ql-left-eqno\"> &nbsp; <\/span><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-content\/ql-cache\/quicklatex.com-d7d1260310eeb07e35e01c5b6760eb45_l3.png\" height=\"14\" width=\"133\" class=\"ql-img-displayed-equation quicklatex-auto-format\" alt=\"&#92;&#91;&#52;&#48;&#50;&#32;&#61;&#32;&#49;&#51;&#52;&#92;&#99;&#100;&#111;&#116;&#32;&#51;&#32;&#43;&#32;&#49;&#46;&#92;&#93;\" title=\"Rendered by QuickLaTeX.com\" \/><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\">Which method do you like better: dots and boxes or the standard algorithm method? Or does it depend on the problem you are doing?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-552","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":483,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/552","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/552\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2772,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/552\/revisions\/2772"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/483"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/552\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=552"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=552"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=552"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks-dev.oer.hawaii.edu\/math111\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=552"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}