Appendix B Select Radioactive Isotopes
Decay modes are [latex]\alpha[/latex], [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex], [latex]\beta ^{+}[/latex], electron capture (EC) and isomeric transition (IT). EC results in the same daughter nucleus as would [latex]\beta ^{+}[/latex] decay. IT is a transition from a metastable excited state. Energies for [latex]\beta ^{\pm}[/latex] decays are the maxima; average energies are roughly one-half the maxima.
| Isotope | t 1/2 | DecayMode(s) | Energy(MeV) | Percent | [latex]\gamma[/latex]-Ray Energy(MeV) | Percent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [latex]^{3} \textbf{H}[/latex] | 12.33 y | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 0.0186 | 100% | |||
| [latex]^{14} \textbf{C}[/latex] | 5730 y | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 0.156 | 100% | |||
| [latex]^{13} \textbf{N}[/latex] | 9.96 min | [latex]\beta ^{+}[/latex] | 1.20 | 100% | |||
| [latex]^{22} \textbf{Na}[/latex] | 2.602 y | [latex]\beta ^{+}[/latex] | 0.55 | 90% | [latex]\gamma[/latex] | 1.27 | 100% |
| [latex]^{32} \textbf{P}[/latex] | 14.28 d | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 1.71 | 100% | |||
| [latex]^{35} \textbf{S}[/latex] | 87.4 d | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 0.167 | 100% | |||
| [latex]^{36} \textbf{Cl}[/latex] | [latex]3.00 \times 10^5 \text{y}[/latex] | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 0.710 | 100% | |||
| [latex]^{40} \textbf{K}[/latex] | [latex]1.28 \times 10^9 \text{y}[/latex] | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 1.31 | 89% | |||
| [latex]^{43} \textbf{K}[/latex] | 22.3 h | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 0.827 | 87% | [latex]\gamma \;\text{s}[/latex] | 0.373 | 87% |
| 0.618 | 87% | ||||||
| [latex]^{45} \textbf{Ca}[/latex] | 165 d | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 0.257 | 100% | |||
| [latex]^{51} \textbf{Cr}[/latex] | 27.70 d | EC | [latex]\gamma[/latex] | 0.320 | 10% | ||
| [latex]^{52} \textbf{Mn}[/latex] | 5.59d | [latex]\beta ^{+}[/latex] | 3.69 | 28% | [latex]\gamma \;\text{s}[/latex] | 1.33 | 28% |
| 1.43 | 28% | ||||||
| [latex]^{52} \textbf{Fe}[/latex] | 8.27 h | [latex]\beta ^{+}[/latex] | 1.80 | 43% | 0.169 | 43% | |
| 0.378 | 43% | ||||||
| [latex]^{59} \textbf{Fe}[/latex] | 44.6 d | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 0.273 | 45% | [latex]\gamma \;\text{s}[/latex] | 1.10 | 57% |
| 0.466 | 55% | 1.29 | 43% | ||||
| [latex]^{60} \textbf{Co}[/latex] | 5.271 y | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 0.318 | 100% | [latex]\gamma \;\text{s}[/latex] | 1.17 | 100% |
| 1.33 | 100% | ||||||
| [latex]^{65} \textbf{Zn}[/latex] | 244.1 d | EC | [latex]\gamma[/latex] | 1.12 | 51% | ||
| [latex]^{67} \textbf{Ga}[/latex] | 78.3 h | EC | [latex]\gamma \;\text{s}[/latex] | 0.0933 | 70% | ||
| 0.185 | 35% | ||||||
| 0.300 | 19% | ||||||
| others | |||||||
| [latex]^{75} \textbf{Se}[/latex] | 118.5 d | EC | [latex]\gamma \;\text{s}[/latex] | 0.121 | 20% | ||
| 0.136 | 65% | ||||||
| 0.265 | 68% | ||||||
| 0.280 | 20% | ||||||
| others | |||||||
| [latex]^{86} \textbf{Rb}[/latex] | 18.8 d | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 0.69 | 9% | [latex]\gamma[/latex] | 1.08 | 9% |
| 1.77 | 91% | ||||||
| [latex]^{85} \textbf{Sr}[/latex] | 64.8 d | EC | [latex]\gamma[/latex] | 0.514 | 100% | ||
| [latex]^{90} \textbf{Sr}[/latex] | 28.8 y | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 0.546 | 100% | |||
| [latex]^{90} \textbf{Y}[/latex] | 64.1 h | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 2.28 | 100% | |||
| [latex]^{99m} \textbf{Tc}[/latex] | 6.02 h | IT | [latex]\gamma[/latex] | 0.142 | 100% | ||
| [latex]^{113m} \textbf{In}[/latex] | 99.5 min | IT | [latex]\gamma[/latex] | 0.392 | 100% | ||
| [latex]^{123} \textbf{I}[/latex] | 13.0 h | EC | [latex]\gamma[/latex] | 0.159 | [latex]\approx 100 \%[/latex] | ||
| [latex]^{131} \textbf{I}[/latex] | 8.040 d | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 0.248 | 7% | [latex]\gamma \;\text{s}[/latex] | 0.364 | 85% |
| 0.607 | 93% | others | |||||
| others | |||||||
| [latex]^{129} \textbf{Cs}[/latex] | 32.3 h | EC | [latex]\gamma \;\text{s}[/latex] | 0.0400 | 35% | ||
| 0.372 | 32% | ||||||
| 0.411 | 25% | ||||||
| others | |||||||
| [latex]^{137} \textbf{Cs}[/latex] | 30.17 y | [latex]\beta ^{-} \;\text{s}[/latex] | 0.511 | 95% | [latex]\gamma[/latex] | 0.662 | 95% |
| 1.17 | 5% | ||||||
| [latex]^{140} \textbf{Ba}[/latex] | 12.79 d | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 1.035 | [latex]\approx 100 \&[/latex] | [latex]\gamma \;\text{s}[/latex] | 0.030 | 25% |
| 0.044 | 65% | ||||||
| 0.537 | 24% | ||||||
| others | |||||||
| [latex]^{198} \textbf{Au}[/latex] | 2.696 d | [latex]\beta ^{-}[/latex] | 1.161 | [latex]\approx 100 \%[/latex] | [latex]\gamma[/latex] | 0.412 | [latex]\approx 100 \%[/latex] |
| [latex]^{197} \textbf{Hg}[/latex] | 64.1 h | EC | [latex]\gamma[/latex] | 0.0733 | 100% | ||
| [latex]^{210} \textbf{Po}[/latex] | 138.38 d | [latex]\alpha[/latex] | 5.41 | 100% | |||
| [latex]^{226} \textbf{Ra}[/latex] | [latex]1.60 \times 10^3 \text{y}[/latex] | [latex]\alpha \;\text{s}[/latex] | 4.68 | 5% | [latex]\gamma[/latex] | 0.186 | 100% |
| 4.87 | 95% | ||||||
| [latex]^{235} \textbf{U}[/latex] | [latex]7.038 \times 10^8 \text{y}[/latex] | [latex]\alpha[/latex] | 4.68 | [latex]\approx 100 \%[/latex] | [latex]\gamma \;\text{s}[/latex] | numerous | <0.400% |
| [latex]^{238} \textbf{U}[/latex] | [latex]4.468 \times 10^9 \text{y}[/latex] | [latex]\alpha \;\text{s}[/latex] | 4.22 | 23% | [latex]\gamma[/latex] | 0.050 | 23% |
| 4.27 | 77% | ||||||
| [latex]^{237} \textbf{Np}[/latex] | [latex]2.14 \times 10^6 \text{y}[/latex] | [latex]\alpha \;\text{s}[/latex] | numerous | [latex]\gamma \;\text{s}[/latex] | numerous | <0.250% | |
| 4.96 (max.) | |||||||
| [latex]^{239} \textbf{Pu}[/latex] | [latex]2.41 \times 10^4 \text{y}[/latex] | [latex]\alpha \;\text{s}[/latex] | 5.19 | 11% | [latex]\gamma \;\text{s}[/latex] | [latex]7.5 \times 10^{-5}[/latex] | 73% |
| 5.23 | 15% | 0.013 | 15% | ||||
| 5.24 | 73% | 0.052 | 10% | ||||
| others | |||||||
| [latex]^{243} \textbf{Am}[/latex] | [latex]7.37 \times 10^3 \text{y}[/latex] | [latex]\alpha \;\text{s}[/latex] | Max. 5.44 | [latex]\gamma \;\text{s}[/latex] | 0.075 | ||
| 5.37 | 88% | others | |||||
| 5.32 | 11% | ||||||
| others | |||||||
| Table 2. Selected Radioactive Isotopes | |||||||
